Chocolate Glossary
The words on a chocolate wrapper, explained in plain English.
Cocoa percentage
The share of a bar that comes from the cocoa bean (cocoa solids + cocoa butter). Higher % usually means more intense, less sweet chocolate.
Cocoa solids
The non-fat part of the cocoa bean — this is what gives chocolate its colour, bitterness and flavour.
Cocoa butter
The natural fat of the cocoa bean. It gives chocolate its smooth melt and glossy snap.
Conching
A long mixing/grinding step that smooths the texture and mellows harsh flavours. More conching = silkier chocolate.
Couverture
High-quality chocolate with extra cocoa butter, used by chocolatiers for coating and moulding because it flows and sets beautifully.
Compound chocolate
A cheaper alternative that replaces cocoa butter with vegetable fat. Easier to work with, but less rich than real chocolate.
Single-origin
Chocolate made from beans grown in one country or region, so it expresses that place's distinct flavour — like coffee from a single estate.
Bean-to-bar
A maker who controls every step from raw cocoa bean to finished bar, rather than buying pre-made chocolate.
Praline
A filling of ground nuts (often hazelnuts) and sugar, sometimes blended into a smooth paste inside chocolates.
Ganache
A smooth blend of chocolate and cream, used as a truffle centre or filling.
Tempering
Carefully heating and cooling chocolate so it sets with a shiny finish and a crisp snap instead of dull streaks.
Ruby chocolate
A naturally pink chocolate made from specially processed ruby cocoa beans, with a fruity, slightly tart taste.
Nibs
Crushed pieces of roasted cocoa bean — crunchy, intense and unsweetened.
Tasting notes
The flavours you can detect beyond "chocolate" — fruity, floral, nutty, earthy, smoky — much like coffee tasting notes.